Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by recurring spontaneous seizures. The goal of treatment of epilepsy is freedom from seizures without unacceptable side effects. In the majority of cases, seizures can be controlled with a single antiepileptic drug (AED). However, 30-40% of patients continue to have seizures despite adequate trials of standard AEDs used alone or in combination. These patients are said to have refractory or intractable epilepsy.







